School testing is a way for schools to measure how well your child or student is doing in their studies.
It can also help the school assess if they are meeting certain standards, while also helping teachers identify areas that need improvement. It’s important to know what tests your child will be taking and when they will take them so you can prepare them accordingly.
The most common type of test administered at elementary level are usually math or reading based tests which are typically used as part of an assessment process by individual teachers rather than being carried out by centralised agencies like the ACTs (American College Testing) program in America, SATs (Scholastic Aptitude Tests) programme in Britain or PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) in Canada.
The common core standards that the majority of US states now have to adhere to means that there is a lot more testing carried out than was previously the case.
What are school tests?
A school test can be defined as a type of examination typically required by educational institutions to determine a person’s readiness for the next level. Both high school and college students in the US are often assigned school year-end tests, or SATs or ACTs, respectively. Students from many other countries also take similar exams on a yearly basis.
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What are school exams?
School exams are an assessment of knowledge, competence, and performance in the field of education. Tests are primarily designed for use in schools or universities to measure a learner’s understanding of a specific course content area.
The SAT is an exam used to measure the verbal skills, mathematics skills, and writing skills of undergraduate students who are applying to college in the United States.
The ACT is another exam that is primarily used by high school juniors and seniors to assess their knowledge in English, Mathematics, Reading, Science Reasoning, and Social Studies Knowledge before they graduate high school.
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Who invented school tests?
It is believed that Mesopotamian students underwent similar evaluations around 2000 BC and Chinese Confucius described a system of testing as early as 479-221 BC. However, the first recorded modern examination in China was conducted by Li Shanlan in 1845. Henry Brougham( 1 October 1778 – 3 May 1868 ) introduced standardised testing to European education systems when he became president of the Board of Admiral of British schools in Scotland in 1830.
In 1833, the first government School Report on conditions at 202 English schools, with observations on their organization and methods by Lord Durham, was published together with Durham’s program for reform. He advocated an emphasis on “useful learning” and training the students to become independent through experience. School was also a matter of social reform, used to “assist the perpetuation and regeneration of landed aristocracy”.
In 1852, in his work on communal education in Russia, public school inspector Novikov showed how schools could be used for indoctrination into autocracy. In Australia, this practice endured until recently.
The Australian Public Service had long been a bastion for men with backgrounds in elite private schools and tertiary institutions largely modelled after Oxbridge equivalents. There were some exceptions but until relatively recently such people were usually hired on ‘character’ rather than demonstrated competence.
As late as 2003 when an extensive public service reform process was underway there was a high degree of resistance in the public service to recruiting people on merit as opposed to appointing them on ‘character’.
The principle underlying selection based on merit was being undermined by a belief that such practices were associated with elitism. In recent times, the educational standards required for entry into most Australian universities have been progressively raised by both government and university authorities.
What is standardized testing?
A standardized test is an examination which is required by educational institutions to determine whether or not students are ready for direct entry into higher levels, like moving from high school directly into college or university studies.
Standardized testing occurs when an examination is required by educational institutions to determine a person’s readiness for the next level. The difference between school tests and standardised tests is that school tests are usually only required in high school and college, but because China’s Confucius described a system of testing as early as 479-221 BC, it does not specify what this system of testing was like. It is thought that examinations were spread around Mesopotamia 2000 BC.
Who invented standardized testing?
The first recorded modern examinations were conducted by Henry Brougham in 1833. He introduced standardised testing to European education systems when he became president of the Board of Admiral of British schools in Scotland in 1830.
Testing has been used for reasons like indoctrination into autocracy and generally “useful learning” which was advocated by Lord Durham as part of his program for reform and by Novikov who showed how schools could be used for this purpose. In 2003, an extensive public service reform process was underway with a high degree of resistance to recruiting people on merit as opposed to appointing them on ‘character’.
In recent times, the educational standards required for entry have changed from requiring basic literacy and numeracy skills to advanced analytical skills. Standardized testing is seen as a way to achieve this.
Who developed the idea of standardised testing?
Henry Brougham was known for his introduction of standardised testing when he became president of the Board of Admiral of British schools in Scotland in 1830. He introduced it to European education systems.
Why is it so hard to pinpoint the invention of school tests?
Well, consider that some scholars believe children in ancient Greece would undergo what amounted to examinations as part of their education process, while others argue that formal tools like tests don’t appear until closer to our modern age . One scholar even argues that people are still debating whether kids have always needed to pass tests in order to move up into more advanced classes .
At any rate, for the purposes of this article let’s go with an origin story that does not exactly match up with many accepted historical accounts: let’s say that tests were invented in the early 1800s– by none other than Napoleon Bonaparte himself.
Yeah, it sounds pretty crazy… but there is actually an interesting argument to be made here. And while we couldn’t find any proof that Napoleon Bonaparte was personally responsible for trying out tests on his subjects, he was certainly a man deeply interested in the concept of testing and how it could impact people’s lives.
Who invented tests first?
- Henry Brougham
- Napoleon Bonaparte
- Novikov
- Confucius
There are no sources that can be found to suggest who first invented tests. This is because there is a lack of evidence which suggests when they were first used, or how they were used in the past. However, it is clear that Henry Brougham introduced standardised testing in 1830 to European schooling systems and this has been picked up by other educational institutions around the world. It was also adopted by Lord Durham as part of his program for reform and by Novikov who showed how schools could be used for this purpose. Testing has to spread to other institutions since they are part of a students life. However, it wasn’t until the 1950s when testing became an industry with items being published in magazines. It also had commissions introduced to enforce standardised tests at all ages and levels of education.
References:
- Henry Peter Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux
- Standardized tests aren’t the problem, it’s how we use them
- Effects of Standardized Testing on Students’ Well-Being
- When Testing Takes Over | Harvard Graduate School of Education
- Negative Effects of Standardized Testing
- Colleges and Schools Rethinking Role of Standardized Tests
- Chapter 4 Standardized Testing and Equal Access: A Tutorial
- Impact of Standardized Testing Emphasis on Teaching and Learning in Kindergarten through 12th Grade in United States Schools: East Tennessee Principals’ Perspectives.
- Skipping standardized tests in 2020 may offer a chance to find better alternatives – UofSC News & Events | University of South Carolina
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