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What is soil engineering?

Soil engineering is an engineering discipline that concentrates on the mechanics and characteristics of the soil. It involves the analysis of the composition and structure of the soil of a construction site to determine whether it is ideal to set up a building or construction site in the proposed area. Also, soil engineering helps devise better construction techniques and optimized design concepts based on the soil’s physical properties and its composition. This discipline helps in interpreting the field conditions to determine whether the site is safe or unsafe for the structure being constructed and for the workers in the site.

Why soil engineering?

Soil properties defer from one area to another. The behavior of soils in construction works varies. Since the type of soil influences the expenses and design of a structure such as a building, soil analysis is required. This helps in determining whether extra work should be done when preparing the site before construction work commences.

The foundations set up to ensure that the structure being constructed remains stable varies depending on the type of soil. For instance, clay sand soils may shirk or swell depending on the water content in the foundation. This will result in cracking of the foundation and walls of the structure. Therefore, additional materials in the foundation are required when building in clay or clay-sand soils; whereas containing walls will be required when constructing in sandy soils to ensure that the sand remains intact. 

Methods applied in soil engineering

This engineering discipline focuses on analyzing the moisture content, density, physical properties, drainage, composition, and characteristics of the soil. The weight-bearing capacity of the soil is also assessed to determine its ability to support a building for a long time. Some soil particles are weak and can shift when exposed to unbearable weights. In hilly environments, it’s important to assess the weight-bearing capacity to determine the construction designs and techniques that should be employed to prevent any chances of landslides after reaching a certain weight. 

After assessing the field, the soil samples are taken to laboratories for thorough testing. Some common properties tested are soil porosity, sheer strength, unit weight, and permeability. Since the properties of the topsoil and subsurface soil may differ, samples of the subsurface soil are also taken. Various methods are applied when doing subsurface exploration. They include digging trenches, pits, boring, and standard penetration tests. This helps determine how soil properties change with depth. 

Where do soil engineers work?

Soil engineers work in a wide range of industries such as:

• Construction sites
• Landslide repairs
• Seawall, shoreline, and underpinning construction sites
• Construction fields in airports

What is the demand for soil engineers in the job market?

The job market for soil engineers is growing rapidly and it’s expected to double within the next decade. The global population is increasing and more space will be required for farmland, utilities, and urban growth. This means that more engineers will be required to fill the gap in the job market and to sustain the growing population. New structures are being developed throughout the world hence new opportunities for soil engineers. As science and technology grow, the demand for soil engineers also increases. 

Education requirements and applications

When applying for a degree in soil engineering, good grades in sciences such as biology and chemistry, mathematics, geography, and environmental science will be required.