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Library software system for booking books
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The assignment is for Software Engineering 1. All the details are covered in the pdf attached
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Additional Instructions:
Booked Library System
Assignment Writeup Guidelines
Software Engineering I
2
1 Introduction
Software engineering is concerned with numerous activities that stretch far
beyond the programming and debugging of code. It is a collective term that
encompasses a range of processes designed to provide context and validation
to development, and to better prepare for and sustain the production of
software. In fact, programming ability may be far down the list of requisite skills
when looking to recruit software engineers. A software engineer is an expert in
identifying the need for software, designing appropriate solutions, and
documenting design efforts.
1.1 Expectation of Written Representation at an MSc Level
It goes without saying that academic writing uses formal vocabulary as
compared to the vocabulary used in day-day communication. Your aim
should be to make your text as clear as possible – to present your ideas
clearly and concisely and to avoid ambiguity or redundancy. The tone of
academic writing is formal with clear focus on the issue or topic rather than
your opinion. Academic writing is defined by conventions rather than
specific rules. Here is a link that would help you build your written skills.
As future software engineering leaders, we aspire our students to work to a high
professional standard and use relevant formal vocabulary to engage in a
critical/analytical discourse as part of their report specification. It also goes
without saying that grammar and punctuation need to be impeccable and that
you need to be clear on the accuracy of the required vocabulary for this module.
If in doubt please refer to the Sommerville textbook or ask the module leader.
1.2 Submission Report
This section details the report deliverable written to high professional
standard. At least that is what aspire from our students. Your report must be a
maximum of 15 pages, including diagrams and references. An allowance of
+10% is made for this page limit. The marker will not read beyond this. Your
report should be written using font size 12 (or other standard size).
Please include appropriate section headings and page numbers in the footer.
The core course material is sufficient to pass this assignment well. Reading
extra material can be helpful to inspire and refine your solutions. Write from
what you know using formal vocabulary and formal definitions, and then move
on if needed and if time allows. You are not required to read beyond the core
material, but any additional sources of information should be correctly
referenced. Your report should include the sections below. The first page needs
to be a cover page with you the assignment title SE1 Assignment Report and
must not include your name anywhere and the first page is not counted as part
of the page count of your written report.
Observing Conventions. Please make sure that you use the correct question
numbering shown in the brief and NOT introduce your own question numbering.
3
2 Assignment
2.1 Question 1 - Requirements, 40%
Scope of the brief. It is important to establish the scope of the booked
scenario, so you can make some reasonable assumptions about the booked
scenario.
The proposed requirements placed in the booked library brief have several issues.
There are deliberate omissions in the scenario so that you can recognize what
the issues may be. You also have the room to be creative in your approach.
You could come up with anything else that you think would be a good and
justifiable addition to the system requirements for book loans.
In a real-world software engineering project, there would be some interaction
with a client, who may want more or less involvement in the process of the
system. In this assignment, the role of the client is played by members of the
teaching team, who have prepared the brief provided and are now passing
decisions to you.
• Q1a. Identify five issues with the proposed functional/non-functional
requirements in the Booking brief. We want you to reflect and identify
what these issues might be and write about them; provide justifications
for each point. These issues need to be specific and not based on your
opinion. Once you have identified an issue, you will need to explain
using reasoning why it is an issue - i.e. what is wrong with it. [10%]
[Hint: After reading the requirements, reflect and think if the requirement
has any omissions, inaccuracies, is it valid?, is it realistic? - can it be
implemented into a system feature right from the description of it itself?,
does it aim to fulfill what the booked brief is asking of it. Does it answer the
question of what the system is meant to do and NOT how the feature is to
be developed and coded (this is not part of requirement analysis). These
are some hints and this list is not exhaustive, so think carefully and
strategically. What we are interested in is your ability to recognize an issue
and make a reasoned judgement for it, not simply state that there is an
issue
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because in your opinion there is an issue.
• Q1b. A list of pertinent system and user requirements for Functional
Requirement 4 (book loans) and be clear about separating them into user
requirements and system requirements. The following components are
expected as part of your answer. [15%].
– Traceability Matrix (User and System)
– Conflict Checks - Identified and Resolved.
– Pre-Post Conditions Identified
– Dependencies Identified
– Constraints on the Requirements Identified
• During the weekly class discussions on the Online Forums, we shall show
you how to present system and user requirements and give you ample
examples.
• Do not include all system/user requirements, just new ones that you have
created.
Q1c. In your requirements, you need to demonstrate that you have provided
consistent requirements that show a clear and complete distinction between what
the system shall accomplish (requirement) and how a feature is
implemented(design). You must also show a clear distinction between the system
requirements and user requirements. Design requirements are outside the scope
of this brief and therefore you are not expected to write about these.
Measurability, can be shown with the above five and below.
Validity. The requirements reflect the current needs of the users, bearing in
mind that these may have changed over time and through the refinement itself.
The final proposed requirements need to be at the highest level of refinement.
Consistency. There are no contradictory descriptions or constraints in the
document. For example, all sub-requirements of system requirements are also
system requirements and the same be the case of user-requirements.
Completeness. The system requirements include all functions and constraints,
are ac- curate and without omissions. A traceability matrix with conflict checks,
identified and resolved, dependencies, pre-conditions and post-condition checks
identified is a good way to measure if a given requirement is complete or not.
Realism. Your system requirements are realistic given technology, schedule,
and budget (not relevant in the case of booked brief). The central question you
need to ask is if I take this system requirement could it be translated into a
system feature in software using a suitable programming language?
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Verifiability. Tests can be written to demonstrate the system meets each
requirement to reduce potential for disputes and hence you need to
demonstrate that each system requirements are a testable system feature.
You will be creating the details of these requirements yourself, so the book
loaning and any other associated processes are up to you. You are not
expected to modify the existing set of requirements but can indicate if you think
your requirements will affect existing ones. This will also be a good way to
check if your new requirements have a dependency check, pre-conditions, post-
conditions, conflicts and inconsistencies between the new requirements and the
ones you have identified.
Measurability can be demonstrated by showing that your requirements have
achieved all the of the above as well as meeting the requirements validation
criteria set out on the course page. You do need to keep in mind that we do
not expect you to demonstrate every single requirement to be measured but you
can make a judgement on choosing at least 4 requirements where you have
shown that you have measured the requirements. [15%].
2.2 Question 2 - Architectural Design, 30%
This section must include
• Q2a. Diagrams. An architectural design for the following 3 architectures
using suitable notation: Model View Controller, Client-Server Architecture,
Layered Architecture. These architectures diagrams need to reflect how
you would design them for booked brief. So, the more detailed and
specific you can be, the better it is for you.
• Q2b. Justifications. A written justification which includes a comparison
between above 3 architectures. It is important that you understand how to
write justifications; simply describing your viewpoint is not enough.
• Q2c. Decision. In this section, you need to state your decision for the
choice of architecture that you propose. Make a case for using critical
analytical arguments to propose a particular system architecture for
booked brief in your conclusion.
• You can compare the architectures on the following criteria: Availability
Reliability, Testability, Scalability, Security, Agility, Fault Tolerance, Elasticity,
Recoverability, Performance, Deployment, Learnability. These are the 12 main
characteristics, and I would not expect you to go beyond these but should
you have a valid point of comparison then please state what the criteria is
for comparison.
Your work should be a critique rather than simply doing a descriptive
writing of your points and you have been shown in the study skills post
online and what is the difference between descriptive writing and critical
writing. I have explained the criteria here below.
– Availability. How long the system will need to be available (if 24/7 ,
steps need to be in place to allow the system to be up and running
quickly in case of any
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failure). So, which of the 3 architectures offer the best availability for
the booked brief?
– Recoverability. This is dealing with the business continuity requirements
(e.g in the case of a disaster, how quickly is the system required to be
online again? This will affect the backup strategy and the
requirements for duplicated hardware. So which architecture styles will
support faster recoverability when it comes to the booked brief?
– Elasticity. It is the ability of the system architecture to handle
bursts of re- quests/traffic. This means can a particular system
architecture cope with an exponential increase in the number of
requests, so which of the 3 architectures are suitably elastic for the
booked brief?
– Agility. Agility is the ability for the system architecture to embrace and
respond to change in software processes due to significant changes in
the business environment or perhaps even new business demands.
So which of the 3 architectures are the most agile when it comes to
booked scenario?
– Learnability. Learnability is how easy it is for the users to learn to use
the software and another expansion of the definition is how the
developed software can integrate itself into the wider software systems
architecture, so another definition is for the software to learn about its
environment in order to become self-configuring or self-optimizing -
this is particular the case when new modules are integrated with
existing software modules. So which architecture makes it easier for
new modules to be easily integrated?
– Reliability. A Software architecture’s reliability is the probability of failure-
free operation of a computer program for a specified period in a
specified environment. Reliability is a customer-oriented view of
software quality. A software architecture’s reliability is measured in the
operational environment with excel- lent accuracy. So which of the
three architectures would be the most reliable in the case of booked
library scenario?
– Testability. Software testability is the degree to which a software
system or a unit under test supports its own testing. To predict and
improve software testa- bility, a large number of techniques and
metrics have been proposed by both practitioners and researchers
in the last several decades. Which of the 3 archi- tectures support
testing with ease and how would tests run on one architecture differ
from those on another?
– Security. Software security is an idea implemented to protect
software against malicious attack and other hacker risks so that the
software continues to function correctly under such potential risks.
Security is necessary to provide integrity, authentication and
availability. Which of the 3 architectures are the most secure in the
case of the booked scenario?
– Deployment. Software deployment refers to the process of running an
application on a server or device. Software deployment refers to the
process of making the application work on a target device, whether it
be a test server, production
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environment or a user’s computer or mobile device. How do these 3
architectures affect software deployment when it comes to booked
scenario?
– Fault Tolerance. Software architecture’s fault tolerance is the ability of
the architecture to not be affected by the fault, and what it takes for the
architecture system to recover from a fault that is happening or has
already happened in either the software or hardware or in some
component of the system architecture in which the software is running
in order to provide service in accordance with the specification. So
which of these architectures will be highly fault tolerant when it comes
to the booked scenario?
– Scalability. Architecture scalability is the flexibility and ability of the
architecture to grow or shrink to meet changing demands on a
business. Architecture scalability is critical to support growth, but also
to pivot during times of uncertainty and scale back operations as
needed. So, you need to think which architecture styles support
better scalability for the booked scenario?
– Performance. Performance is an indicator of how well a software
systems architecture and its component meet its requirements for
timeliness. Timeliness is measured in terms of response time or
throughput. The response time is the time required to respond to a
request. It may be the time required for a single trans- action, or the
end-to-end time for a user task. For example, we may require that an
online system provide a result within one-half second after the user
presses the ”enter” key. For embedded systems, it is the time required
to respond to events, or the number of events processed in a time
interval. The throughput of a system is the number of requests that
can be processed in some specified time interval. So, how would the 3
mentioned architectures fare when it comes to the booked scenario?
Your justifications should include any 4 out of 12 of the above criteria for
comparisons against alternatives. Please be aware that opinionated
justifications lacking above mentioned standards for comparison make it harder
for us to give you credit for your answers.
Out-of-scope. Hybrid models are out of scope of our syllabus, so please do not
discuss these.
Additional Reference Text. The book Software Engineering by Google
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Software-Engineering-Google-Lessons-
Programming/dp/B08VKJXVHK/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=software+engineering+at+google&qi
d=1646230724&sprefix=software+en%2Caps%2C64&sr=8-1 is a good resource if you
want to refer for some of your questions but we do not expect you to use that as
your base textbook.
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2.3 Questions 3 - System Models, 20%
This section should include:
• Q3a. Diagrams. Draw three system models applied to the booked
scenario. These are: Class Diagrams, Sequence Diagrams and Business
Process Diagrams. The system models should use an accurate and
relevant notation. It will not be possible to model the entire system in a 15
page document, so be selective and model a few key functionalities. The
system models should include suitable and accurate notations for your
choice of modelling, use of suitable abstractions and connection to
requirements.
• Q3b. Justification. The justifications of your system models must include a
balanced critique of the aforementioned system models.
• Q3c. Decision. In this section, you need to state your decision for the
choice of system models that you propose. Make a case for using critical
analytical arguments to propose a particular system model for booked brief
in your conclusion.
2.4 Presentation Report, 10%
The overall quality of your presentation will be graded for professional
presentation, coherence, grammar, punctuation and the quality of your written
report.
Software Brief and Requirements
Booked – Not just a library
Overview
Booked is a library based in the centre of London and has been providing book services to local
residents since 1957. Due to a declining interest in book loans, the library was due to shut down
earlier this year. However, a small group of volunteers have decided to take over the operation of
the library and begun to run a range of activities in the library alongside its continued book loan
services. They hope to turn Booked into a hub for community activities, and to bring in a range of
. instructors and facilitators to introduce new activities to Bath
The lead volunteer, Ms Jekyll, has reviewed the procedures currently in place to book out the library
and found them to be paper-based. A diary, kept at the front desk of the library during opening
hours, is used to record bookings for the communal spaces. However, some of the facilitators
coming in from outside Bath have reported difficulties accessing the diary, or getting to Booked and
finding that an activity is already taking place. Volunteers also report that the diary can go missing,
or that there can be confusion regarding which activities are booked.
The volunteers have decided that the library should transition to a digital system that allows
volunteers and facilitators to manage bookings online, as well as to support other routine operations
at the library.
Proposed Solution
The volunteers are looking for a solution to replace the current paper-based booking system. They
are concerned about on-site security, so would prefer an externally hosted service rather than
protecting and maintaining on-site hardware.
The software should allow volunteers and activity facilitators to book time slots for activities outside
of the library opening hours (09:30 – 12:30; 13:00 – 17:00). Some of these activities are sign-up only,
so members of the community will need some way to register and reserve a place. Volunteers
should also be able to delete and edit bookings.
In addition, the volunteers would like to move the library’s book loaning scheme online. The
software should be integrated with the booking system so that they have a “one stop shop” for the
library. They also think that linking activities to related books would be a good way to increase the
number of loans in the library.
Requirements
Your software engineering team has also conducted requirement elicitation activities and generated
the following set of functional and non-functional requirements from interviews with the clients.
However, they have not generated FR4: “The system shall support book loans”.
R#. Requirement description.
Functional Requirements
FR1 The system shall allow users to register and use an account.
FR1.1 Accounts shall require relevant information.
FR1.1.1 An account shall have a first name.
FR1.1.2 An account shall have a surname.
FR1.1.3 An account shall have an e-mail address.
FR1.1.3.1 The system shall check for and not allow duplicate e-mail
addresses when registering.
FR1.1.3.2 The system shall display an error message to users if an e-
mail address is already in use.
FR1.1.3.3 The system should prompt the user to login if attempting
to register with an e-mail address that is already in use.
FR1.1.4 An account shall have an address.
R.1.1.4.1 An address shall have an address line.
FR1.1.4.2 An address shall have a city.
FR1.1.4.3 An address shall have a postcode.
FR1.1.5 An account shall have a password.
FR1.2 Accounts shall be given a unique membership number.
FR1.3 The system shall require users to login to use its booking features.
FR1.3.1 The system shall require an e-mail address OR membership number to login.
FR1.3.2 The system shall require a password to login.
FR1.3.3 The system shall allow users to reset a password by sending an e-mail to
their registered e-mail address.
FR2 Users shall be given appropriate roles.
FR2.1 Lead Volunteers shall be able to assign roles to users.
FR2.1.1 Lead Volunteers shall be able to assign multiple roles to users.
FR2.2 Lead Volunteers shall be able to assign the Volunteer role to a user.
FR2.2.1 Lead Volunteers shall inherit the permissions of the Volunteer role.
FR2.3 Lead Volunteers shall be able to assign the Facilitator role to a user.
FR2.4 Lead Volunteers shall be able to assign the Member role to a user.
FR3 The system shall be able to support activity bookings.
FR3.1 The system shall allow permitted users to create a booking.
FR3.1.1 Facilitators shall be able to create a booking.
FR3.1.2 Volunteers shall be able to create a booking.
FR3.1.3 A booking shall require relevant information.
FR3.1.3.1 A booking shall have an activity name.
FR3.1.3.2 A booking shall have an activity date.
FR3.1.3.3 A booking shall have an activity time.
FR3.1.3.4 A booking shall have an activity location.
FR3.1.3.5 A booking shall have an activity facilitator.
FR3.1.3.6 A booking shall have a list of registered members.
FR3.1.3.7 A booking shall have a maximum number of attendees.
FR3.1.4 The system shall not allow a booking to be made if the location is in use at
the selected time.
FR3.2 The system shall allow permitted users to edit a booking.
FR3.2.1 Volunteers shall be able to edit a booking.
FR3.3 The system shall allow permitted users to delete a booking.
FR3.3.1 Volunteers shall be able to delete a booking.
FR3.3.2 Registered members should be e-mailed when a booking is deleted.
FR3.4 Bookings shall only be made for times outside of the library opening hours.
FR3.4.1 Bookings that are made for times during the library opening hours shall
receive an error message.
FR3.5 The system shall allow Members to register for an activity.
FR3.5.1 The system shall display a list of bookings to Members.
FR3.5.1.1 The system shall display a list of bookings sorted by date
(upcoming listed first)
FR3.5.2 The system shall allow a Member to register for a selected activity.
FR3.5.2.1 The system should not allow a Member to register for an activity if
they are already registered for another activity at the same time.
FR3.5.2.2 A confirmation dialogue should be presented to the Member to
confirm registration.
FR3.5.2.3 An e-mail should be sent to the Member when registration is
complete.
FR3.5.2.4 An e-mail should be sent to the Facilitator when registration is
complete.
FR3.5.2.5 The system should not allow a Member to register for an activity if
the there are no more places available.
FR4 The system shall support book loans.
FR4.1 ….
Non-Functional Requirements
NFR1 User passwords shall be secure.
NFR1.1 Passwords shall contain 6-9 characters.
NFR1.2 Passwords shall contain at least one number.
NFR1.3 Users shall be required to change password once every 12 months.
NFR2 The system should show users an up-to-date list of activities.
NFR2.1 The system should refresh its list of activities at least every 5 minutes.
NFR2.2 The system should refresh the number of available spaces on an activity at least
every 10 seconds.
NFR3 The system should be reliable.
NFR3.1 The system should be available at least 23 hours a day.
NFR3.2 Any downtime to the system should be limited to the hours between 00:00 and
06:00 GMT.
NFR4 The system should be usable.
NFR4.1 75% of users should be able to register for an activity in under 2 minutes.
NFR4.2 Tooltips should be available for every user interface widget.
NFR4.3 Help messages should be available on every page.
NFR5 The system should be portable.
NFR5.1 The system should be available on multiple platforms.
NFR5.1.1 The system should be available on Windows versions 7 onwards.
NFR5.1.2 The system should be available on iOS versions 11 onwards.
NFR5.1.3 The system should be available on Android versions 5.0 onwards.
NFR5.2 The system should be written in a universally available language.
01- Assignment brief - Copy
02- Booked software system brief - Copy
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